Anthu ambiri sapeza nthawi yoganizira za ndalama.

Osati kuzipeza, osati kuzigwiritsa ntchito, koma kuganizira kwenikweni kuti ndalama n'chiyani komanso zimagwira ntchito bwanji.

Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama tsiku lililonse, koma sitimadzifunsa kawirikawiri kuti zimagwira ntchito bwanji.

Musanapitirize kuwerenga, tengani kanthawi kuganizira mafunso asanu awa. Ngati mungathe, lembani yankho lalifupi pa funso lililonse:

1. N'chifukwa chiyani anthu amafunikira ndalama?
2. N'chiyani chimapangitsa chinthu kukhala ndalama?
3. Ndani angapange kapena kulamulira ndalama zimene mumagwiritsa ntchito?
4. N'chifukwa chiyani ndalama zimene mumagwiritsa ntchito zili ndi mtengo?
5. Kodi ndalama zanu zimagula zinthu zochuluka mofanana lero ndi mmene zinkachitira kale?

Sungani mayankho anu. Mudzawabwererenso pamapeto. Bukuli lingalimbikitse ena mwa maganizo anu ndi kusintha ena.

Pamene mukuwerenga, zindikirani kusiyana pakati pa mfundo yotsimikizika ndi maganizo a munthu. "Ndalama ya pepala iyi imavomerezedwa polipira misonkho" ndi mfundo imene ingafufuzidwe kuti itsimikizidwe. "Uwu ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa ndalama" ndi maganizo omaliza amene amafunikira mfundo zoyezera ndi umboni.

Bukuli lakhazikika pa mafunso asanu ndi limodzi: chifukwa chake ndalama zili zofunika, kuti ndalama n'chiyani, mavuto amene angabuke pa ndalama, kuti Bitcoin n'chiyani, mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito Bitcoin mosamala, ndi zimene zikubwera m'tsogolo.

Cholinga chake ndi kuphunzitsa kokha. Silipereka upangiri pa nkhani za ndalama, kuyika ndalama kuti zibweretse phindu, malamulo, kapena misonkho, ndipo silikuuzani kugula, kugulitsa, kapena kusunga chilichonse.

Ndalama ndi chida chosinthanitsira zinthu.

Palibe amene amafuna ndalama chifukwa cha ndalamazo zokha. Timazifuna chifukwa cha zinthu zimene tingagule nazo. Ndalama ya pepala ndi kachidutswa chabe ka pepala. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza n’chakuti anthu ena amailandira posinthanitsa ndi zinthu zimene tikufunadi, chifukwa amayembekezera kuti enanso adzailandira pambuyo pake.

Izi n’zimene zimasiyanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi kusinthanitsa katundu ndi katundu.

M’dongosolo losinthanitsa katundu ndi katundu, malonda amatheka pokhapokha ngati anthu onse awiri akufuna zomwe mnzakeyo ali nazo, pa nthawi yomweyo ndiponso pa milingo yoyenera. Akatswiri a zachuma amatcha zimenezi Zofuna Pawiri. Ngati mumalima mpunga ndipo mukufunikira nsapato, wopanga nsapatoyo angafune mafuta ophikira, osati mpunga. Ndalama zimathetsa vutoli mwa kulekanitsa kugulitsa ndi kugula: mumagulitsa mpunga wanu kwa munthu wina ndi kugula nsapato kwa munthu winanso.

Ndalama nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito zitatu.

Ndi njira yosinthanitsira zinthu: anthu amazilandira ngati malipiro. Ndi muyeso wowerengera mtengo: mitengo imatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama, motero tingayerekezere kufunika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndiponso ndi chosungira mtengo: zimasunga mtengo wa lero kuti udzagwiritsidwe ntchito m’tsogolo. Palibe ndalama zimene zimasunga mtengo wake popanda kutayika ngakhale pang’ono, koma mitundu ina imataya mphamvu yogulira zinthu pang’onopang’ono kuposa ina.

M’mbiri yonse, zinthu zambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama: zigoba za nkhono, mchere, mikanda, ziweto, mkuwa, siliva ndi golide. Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa zinali zosowa, zokhalitsa ndiponso zovomerezeka ndi anthu ambiri. Koma kunyamula ndi kuteteza zitsulo n’kovuta, motero mabanki anayamba kupereka zikalata zosonyeza kuti mwiniwake ali ndi ufulu wolandira mlingo wotchulidwa wa chitsulo. M’mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dongosolo loyezera ndalama ndi golide, gawo la ndalama linkalumikizidwa mwalamulo ndi mlingo winawake wa golide. Malamulowo ankasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi nthawi.

M’kupita kwa nthawi, ndalama zinayamba kudalira kwambiri mabungwe ndi malonjezo kuposa zitsulo. Mu 1971, dziko la United States linathetsa njira yovomerezeka imene maboma akunja ndi mabanki apakati ankasinthira madola ndi golide. Masiku ano, ndalama za mayiko ambiri ndi ndalama za fiat: ndalama zoperekedwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma, nthawi zambiri kudzera ku banki yapakati, zimene sizingasinthidwe kuti mulandire mlingo wokhazikika wa golide kapena katundu wina aliyense. Mawu akuti fiat ndi a Chilatini ndipo amatanthauza "zichitike", ndipo nthawi zambiri amamveka ngati "mwa lamulo".

Ndalama za fiat zimagwira ntchito chifukwa anthu, mabizinesi, mabanki ndi maboma amazilandira. Nthawi zambiri malamulo amazipanga kukhala ndalama zovomerezeka zolipirira ndipo amafuna kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito polipira misonkho. Anthu amazifuna chifukwa aliyense wowazungulira amazigwiritsa ntchito.

Tinachoka pa ndalama zochirikizidwa ndi chinthu china, n’kufika pa ndalama zochirikizidwa ndi kukhulupirira munthu wina.

Anthu akamva mawu akuti kukwera kwa mitengo, nthawi zambiri amaganiza za mitengo ya zinthu kukwera.

Kukwera kwa mitengo ndi kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa mitengo ya zinthu zambiri. Mbali yake ina ndi mphamvu yogulira: kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene gawo limodzi la ndalama lingagule. Ngati mtengo wa dengu la zinthu zofunika pa moyo ukukwera kuchokera pa magawo 100 a ndalama kufika pa 110, magawo 100 omwewo sangathenso kugula zinthu zonse za m’dengumo.

Kukwera kwa mitengo kumayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, ndipo akatswiri a zachuma amatsutsana pa kukula kwa mphamvu ya chilichonse mwa zinthuzi: kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama ndi ngongole, kusokonekera kwa kupezeka kwa katundu, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene anthu akufuna kugula, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ndalama, misonkho, ndi ndalama zopangira zinthu. Choyambitsa chimodzi n’chofunika kuchiganizira chifukwa chimachitika mwa kusankha, osati mwangozi: m’dongosolo la ndalama za fiat, mabungwe ochepa amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi ngongole komanso kusintha malamulo a dongosololo.

Ganizirani zimene zimapangitsa chinthu kukhala chamtengo wapatali.

Chithunzi choyambirira cha Mona Lisa chili ndi mtengo woposa chithunzi chilichonse chochikopera, osati chifukwa chakuti chimaoneka bwino kwambiri, koma chifukwa chakuti ndi chokhacho. Kusoŵa kwa chinthu pakokha sikuchipangitsa kukhala chamtengo wapatali, koma anthu akamafuna chinthucho, kuchuluka kwa chinthucho kumakhala kofunika.

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama kukamawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene zingagule, gawo lililonse la ndalama limayamba kugula zinthu zocheperapo.

Kukwera kwa mitengo sikukhudza aliyense mofanana. Munthu amene chuma chake chambiri chili m’ndalama za m’manja kapena ndalama zosungidwa angataye mphamvu yogulira. Munthu amene ali ndi katundu amene mtengo wake ukukwera angakhale wotetezeka pang’ono. Malipiro ndi mitengo zimasinthanso pa liwiro losiyanasiyana.

Ndalama zimene zili mu akaunti yanu ya kubanki zimasiyananso ndi ndalama zimene muli nazo m’manja. Banki sisunga ndalama zonse zimene anthu aikamo ngati ndalama za m’manja: imakongoza ndi kuyika zambiri mwa ndalamazo m’zinthu zobweretsa phindu. Ndalama zimene zikuoneka mu akaunti yanu ndi lonjezo la banki lakuti idzakulipirani. Lonjezo limenelo nthawi zambiri limakwaniritsidwa, koma zimadalira bankiyo ndi malamulo amene amayiyendetsa.

Yesani izi: kufufuza mphamvu yogulira

Sankhani chinthu chimodzi chimene anthu amagula kawirikawiri m’dera lanu, monga buledi, ulendo wa mayendedwe, kapena mayunitsi a foni. Lembani mtengo wake wa lero. Funsani munthu wina kuti ankalipira ndalama zingati pa chinthucho zaka zingapo zapitazo, kenako onani zolemba zodalirika ngati mungathe. Kodi ndalama zimene anthu amapeza zinawonjezeka pa mlingo womwewo? N’chiyaninso chingafotokoze kusinthaku?

Zonsezi sizikutanthauza kuti ndalama za fiat sizigwira ntchito. Zimathandiza kulipira mosavuta, kupeza ngongole zosinthika malinga ndi zosowa, komanso kupereka njira zothanirana ndi mavuto aakulu. Koma kusinthika komweku kumabweretsa chiopsezo: kuchuluka kwa ndalamazi ndi malamulo ake zingasinthe, ndipo anthu amene amazigwiritsa ntchito alibe mawu ambiri pa zimenezi.

N’chifukwa chake anthu amafunafuna njira zina, ndiponso n’chifukwa chake Bitcoin inapangidwa.

Bitcoin isanabwere, kutumiza ndalama pa intaneti nthawi zonse kunkadalira bungwe lodalirika: banki kapena kampani yolipiritsa yomwe inkasunga buku la zolemba za ndalama, kuvomereza maakaunti, ndipo inkatha kuchedwetsa, kuletsa, kapena kubweza malipiro. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, asayansi a makompyuta anayesa kupanga ndalama zadijito zopanda wozitulutsa wapakati. Vuto lalikulu linali lakuti n’zosavuta kukopera zinthu zadijito. Ngati ndalama yadijito ikanatha kukopedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri, siikanatha kugwira ntchito ngati ndalama. Izi zimatchedwa vuto la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawiri.

Pa 31 Okutobala 2008, munthu kapena gulu logwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti Satoshi Nakamoto linasindikiza chikalata chofotokoza njira yothetsera vutoli: Bitcoin: Dongosolo la Ndalama Zamagetsi Zotumizidwa Pakati pa Anthu Mwachindunji. Netiwekiyi inayamba mu Januwale 2009.

Bitcoin ndi ndalama zadijito zomwe ndi zopanda ulamuliro wapakati, zili ndi kuchuluka kokhala ndi malire, ndipo zingatumizidwe pakati pa anthu mwachindunji popanda chilolezo cha banki.

Kukhala kopanda ulamuliro wapakati kumatanthauza kuti palibe ofesi yapakati yomwe ingatsegule maakaunti, kusintha ndalama zomwe zili m’maakaunti, kapena kuvomereza amene angalowe. Aliyense angatsitse ndi kuunika pulogalamu yomwe khodi yake ndi yotseguka kwa onse, ndipo makompyuta ambiri odziimira pawokha amasunga zolemba zofanana. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense ali ndi mphamvu zofanana. Zikutanthauza kuti palibe wotenga nawo mbali mmodzi amene angasinthe buku la zolemba za ndalama kapena malamulo a ndalama kwa aliyense.

Kukhala ndi kuchuluka kokhala ndi malire kumatanthauza kuti sipadzakhala bitcoin zoposa 21 miliyoni. bitcoin zatsopano zimatulutsidwa motsatira ndandanda yodziwika kwa onse, ndipo makompyuta odziimira pawokha otchedwa ma node amakana buloko iliyonse yoswa lamulolo. Malirewa ndi odalirika chifukwa aliyense angawatsimikizire. Komabe, si lamulo la chilengedwe: amakhalapobe chifukwa otenga nawo mbali amapitiriza kuonetsetsa kuti akutsatiridwa. Ndipo kuchuluka kokhala ndi malire sikutsimikizira kuti mtengo udzakwera. Mtengo umadalira kufunika kwa ndalamazo komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Kukhala pakati pa anthu mwachindunji kumatanthauza kuti mungatumize bitcoin kwa aliyense, kulikonse, popanda kutsegula akaunti ku netiweki ya Bitcoin kapena kupempha chilolezo kwa ulamuliro wapakati. Palibe kampani yomwe ingaletse kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin zomwe mumazilamulira nokha. Ufulu umenewu umabweranso ndi udindo: kutumiza ndalama kovomerezeka nthawi zambiri sikungathe kubwezedwa, ndipo netiwekiyi ilibe ofesi yothandiza ogwiritsa ntchito.

Maganizo amodzi olakwika ndi akuti Bitcoin ndi yosatheka kuipeza chifukwa bitcoin imodzi ndi yokwera mtengo. Simufunika kugula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin yathunthu. bitcoin imodzi imagawika m’timagawo ting’onoting’ono 100,000,000 totchedwa satoshis, kapena sats. Kukhala ndi 100,000 sats ndi kukhala ndi 0.001 bitcoin zikutanthauza kuchuluka kofanana.

Netiwekiyi imadalira otenga nawo mbali osiyanasiyana: ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amatumiza, kulandira, ndi kusunga bitcoin; ma node omwe amaunika kutumiza ndalama kulikonse ndi buloko iliyonse kuti aone ngati zikugwirizana ndi malamulo; komanso okumba omwe amapikisana kuti awonjezere buloko yatsopano pa zolembazo pafupifupi mphindi khumi zilizonse. Zolemba zimenezo, zotchedwa Blockchain, ndi za poyera ndipo aliyense angazione, ndipo kuzilembanso n’kokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Mfundo yokhudza kalembedwe: Bitcoin yokhala ndi B wamkulu nthawi zambiri imatanthauza netiweki kapena dongosolo lake. bitcoin yokhala ndi b wamng’ono imatanthauza ndalama zenizenizo.

Bitcoin ilinso ndi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira posankha kuigwiritsa ntchito. Mtengo wake ukhoza kusintha mofulumira. Zolakwa nthawi zambiri sizingakonzedwe. M’madera ambiri, si anthu kapena mabizinesi ambiri amene amaivomereza, ndipo kuigwiritsa ntchito mosamala kumafuna kuphunzira. Bitcoin imalowetsa kutsimikizira ndi udindo wa munthu payekha m’malo mwa kukhulupirira mabungwe pa zinthu zina. Sichotsa chiopsezo.

Chikwama cha Bitcoin ndi chida, nthawi zambiri pulogalamu, chomwe chimakulolani kulandira, kuona, ndi kutumiza bitcoin. Bitcoin yanu sisungidwa mufoni yanu: imalembedwa pa Blockchain. Chikwamacho chimayang'anira makiyi omwe amakulolani kutsimikizira kuti ndi yanu ndi kuvomereza kulipira.

Choncho funso loyamba lokhudza chikwama chilichonse ndi lakuti: ndani amalamulira makiyi?

Kodi ndani kwenikweni amasunga bitcoin yanu?

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chikwama chodzisungira nokha, ndinu amene mumalamulira makiyi.

Mukachikhazikitsa, chimakusonyezani mndandanda wa mawu obwezeretsera (womwe umatchedwanso mawu obwezeretsa chikwama): mawu olembedwa motsatira dongosolo, nthawi zambiri 12 kapena 24. Mawu amenewa angapangitsenso makiyi anu pa chipangizo china. Aliyense amene ali nawo akhoza kutenga bitcoin yanu. Mndandanda wa mawu obwezeretsera si wongothandiza pakatayika zinthu zokha: umapereka mwayi wonse wogwiritsa ntchito bitcoin yanu.

Utetezeni:

• ule mbeni molondola papepala pamene mukupanga chikwamacho;
• usungeni popanda kuulumikiza ku intaneti, mwachinsinsi, ndiponso pamalo pomwe sungatayike kapena kuwonongeka;
• musaujambule chithunzi, kuutumiza pa imelo, kuusunga m'zolemba zosungidwa pa intaneti, kapena kuutumiza mu uthenga;
• musaulembepo pa webusaiti.

Mukataya mndandanda wanu wa mawu obwezeretsera komanso chipangizo chanu, palibe amene angakubwezeretsereni bitcoin yanu.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chikwama chosungiridwa ndi kampani, kampani imakusungirani makiyi, mofanana pang'ono ndi banki. Ndalama zomwe akaunti yanu ikusonyeza ndi lonjezo la kampaniyo loti idzakulipirani. Njira yokhazikitsira chikwamacho ndi yodziwika bwino ndipo thandizo lingapezeke, koma mumadalira kampaniyo: ikhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mungatulutse, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito akaunti, kulowereredwa ndi obera pa intaneti, kapena kutseka.

Mawu othandiza m'dziko la Bitcoin ndi akuti: ngati makiyi si anu, ndalama si zanunso. Kusankha amene azikusungirani si mayeso a kufunika kwanu. Chofunika ndi kudziwa mtundu wa chikwama chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ndi zimene mukudalira.

My First Bitcoin sivomereza chikwama china chapadera. Zida, zolipiritsa, ndi eni ake zimasintha, ndipo zomwe zili zoyenera kwa gulu lina sizingakhale zoyenera kwa linzake. Funsani mphunzitsi wodalirika zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito m'dera lanu, ndipo fufuzani nokha mfundo izi musanagwiritse ntchito chikwama chilichonse:

• Makiyi: ndani amalamulira makiyi, inuyo kapena kampani?
• Kubwezeretsa: chimachitika n'chiyani ngati foni yanu yatayika kapena kampani yasiya kupezeka?
• Kochokera: kodi munaitsitsa kuchokera pa webusaiti yovomerezeka kapena pa tsamba lake m'sitolo ya mapulogalamu, osati kudzera pa ulalo womwe munthu wina anakutumizirani?
• Khodi: kodi khodi yake ndi yotseguka kwa aliyense ndipo ikusamalidwa nthawi zonse? (Kukhala ndi khodi yotseguka kokha sikutsimikizira kuti chida n'chotetezeka.)
• Zolipiritsa: ndi zolipiritsa ziti zomwe zimafunika potumiza, polandira, kapena potulutsa ndalama?
• Malipiro: kodi chimathandiza pa malipiro amene mukufuna, a pa Blockchain kapena a Lightning?

Bitcoin ili ndi njira ziwiri zofala zolipirira. Pa Blockchain malipiro amalembedwa mwachindunji mu Blockchain. Lightning ndi netiweki yolipirira yomangidwa pamwamba pa Bitcoin kuti muzitha kulipira ndalama zochepa mwachangu komanso pafupipafupi, monga pogula khofi. Chikwama cha Lightning chingakhalenso choyang'aniridwa ndi wina kapena choyang'aniridwa ndi inu nokha.

Malamulo atatu adzakuthandizani kukhala otetezeka pamene mukuphunzira:

1. Phunzirani kaye. Musachite zinthu chifukwa cha kutengeka mtima, mantha, kapena kukakamizidwa.
2. Yambani ndi zochepa. Yesani zida zimene simukuzidziwa bwino ndi ndalama zochepa zimene mungakwanitse kutaya.
3. Musamangokhulupirira, Tsimikizirani. Onetsetsani munthu, njira yolipirira, adilesi, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama musanavomereze kulipira.

Gawanani uthenga wolandirira ndalama, osati zinsinsi. Adilesi kapena pempho lolipira zingathe kugawidwa. Mawu obwezeretsera chikwama kapena kiyi yachinsinsi siziyenera kugawidwa konse. Palibe mphunzitsi, kampani ya zikwama, kapena wogwira ntchito yothandiza makasitomala wovomerezeka amene angakufunseni zimenezi.

Imani ngati wina akukufulumizitsani kapena akufuna kuti musunge chinsinsi, akulonjeza phindu lotsimikizika, akukupemphani kuti mutumize bitcoin kaye, kapena akukufunsani mawu anu obwezeretsera chikwama. Dikirani kaye. Musagawane chilichonse. Musatumize chilichonse. Kenako tsimikizirani kudzera ku gwero limene mukulidziwa kale.

Ndalama zimadalira malamulo ndi kukhulupirirana

Ndalama zovomerezedwa ndi boma zimapangitsa kuti kulipira kukhale kosavuta, koma kuchuluka kwake ndi malamulo ake zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe ochepa, ndipo mphamvu yake yogulira zinthu ingachepe pakapita nthawi.

Bitcoin imapereka malamulo osiyana

Kuyambira mu 2009, Bitcoin yakhala ikupereka ndalama zomwe aliyense angagwiritse ntchito, zomwe kuchuluka kwake kumadziwika kwa onse ndipo kuli ndi malire, komanso zomwe zingatsimikiziridwe m'malo mongozikhulupirira. Ilinso ndi zovuta zake: kusinthasintha kwa mtengo, zolakwa zomwe sizingakonzedwe, ndi udindo wa munthu payekha.

Chitetezo chimabwera poyamba

Phunzirani kaye, yambani ndi zochepa, ndipo tsimikizirani zonse. Musauze aliyense mawu anu obwezeretsera chikwama. Simuyenera kuchita zonse nthawi imodzi: sitepe imodzi yotsatira yotetezeka ndi yokwanira.

Ichi ndi chiyambi chabe

Bwererani ku mafunso asanu omwe ali pachiyambi. Kodi mungayankhe bwanji tsopano?

Maphunziro a Dipuloma ya Bitcoin ndi gawo lotsatira. Magawo ake anayi amakuthandizani kupita patsogolo, kuyambira pakumvetsetsa ndalama, kufika pa mmene Bitcoin imagwirira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin mosamala, ndi Bitcoin m'dera lanu. Pitirizani kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa, pitirizani kufunsa mafunso, ndipo phunzirani zambiri pa myfirstbitcoin.org.