Abantu abaningi abalokothi bame bacabange ngemali.

Hhayi ukuyihola, hhayi ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ukucabanga ngempela ngokuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani.

Sisebenzisa imali nsuku zonke, kodwa asivamile ukubuza ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

Ngaphambi kokuba niqhubeke nokufunda, thathani isikhashana nicabange ngale mibuzo emihlanu. Bhalani impendulo emfushane yombuzo ngamunye uma ningakwazi:

1. Kungani abantu bedinga imali?
2. Yini eyenza into ibe yimali?
3. Ubani ongadala noma alawule imali eniyisebenzisayo?
4. Kungani imali eniyisebenzisayo inenani?
5. Ingabe imali yenu ithenga izinto ezilingana nalezo ebizithenga esikhathini esidlule?

Gcinani izimpendulo zenu. Buyelani kuzo ekugcineni. Lo mhlahlandlela ungase uqinise eminye yemibono yenu futhi ushintshe eminye.

Njengoba nifunda, qaphelani umehluko phakathi kweqiniso nombono. "Leli phepha lemali liyamukelwa ekukhokheni izintela" kuyiqiniso elingaqinisekiswa. "Lolu uhlobo lwemali olungcono kakhulu" kuyisiphetho esidinga izindlela zokuhlola nobufakazi.

Lo mhlahlandlela usekelwe emibuzweni eyisithupha: kungani imali ibalulekile, iyini, yini engahamba kabi ngayo, iyini i-Bitcoin, ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokuphepha, nokuthi yini elandelayo.

Ngowezemfundo kuphela. Awunikezi izeluleko zezezimali, zokutshala izimali, zezomthetho, noma zentela, futhi awunitsheli ukuthi nithenge, nithengise, noma nigcine noma yini.

Imali iyithuluzi lokushintshiselana.

Akekho ofuna imali ngenxa yayo uqobo. Siyifuna ngenxa yalokho engakuthenga. Imali eyiphepha imane iyisiqephu sephepha. Okwenza ibe wusizo ukuthi abanye abantu bayayamukela ukuze basinike izinto esizifunayo ngempela, ngoba balindele ukuthi nabanye bazoyamukela kamuva.

Yilokhu okuhlukanisa imali nokuhwebelana ngezimpahla.

Ohlelweni lokuhwebelana ngezimpahla, ukuhweba kusebenza kuphela lapho bobabili abantu befuna lokho omunye anakho, ngesikhathi esifanayo nangamanani afanele. Izazi zezomnotho lokhu zikubiza ngokuthi ukuqondana kwezidingo zabo bobabili. Uma nitshala irayisi futhi nidinga izicathulo, umenzi wezicathulo angase afune amafutha okupheka, hhayi irayisi. Imali ixazulula lokhu ngokwehlukanisa ukuthengisa nokuthenga: nithengisela umuntu oyedwa irayisi lenu bese nithenga izicathulo komunye.

Imali ivame ukwenza izinto ezintathu.

Iyona ndlela yokushintshiselana: abantu bayayamukela njengenkokhelo. Iphinde ibe iyunithi yokubala: amanani entengo abekwa ngayo, ukuze sikwazi ukuqhathanisa inani lezinto ezahlukene. Futhi iyona ndawo yokugcina inani: idlulisa inani lisuke namuhla liye esikhathini esizayo. Ayikho imali egcina inani ngokuphelele, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zilahlekelwa amandla okuthenga kancane kunezinye.

Kuwo wonke umlando, izinto eziningi ziye zasebenza njengemali: amagobolondo, usawoti, ubuhlalu, imfuyo, ithusi, isiliva negolide. Izinsimbi eziyigugu zaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba zaziyivelakancane, zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zamukelwa kabanzi. Kodwa ukuthwala nokuvikela insimbi kunzima, ngakho amabhange aqala ukukhipha amaphepha ayenikeza umnikazi ilungelo lokuwashintsha athole inani elishiwo lensimbi. Kwakunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalolu hlelo lokusekela imali ngegolide, lapho iyunithi yemali yayixhunyaniswe ngokomthetho nenani elithile legolide. Imithetho yayehluka ngokwendawo nangenkathi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali yaqala ukuncika kakhulu ezikhungweni nasezithembisweni kunasensimbini. Ngo-1971, i-United States yaqeda ukushintshaniswa okusemthethweni kwamadola ngegolide okwakwenziwa ohulumeni bamanye amazwe namabhange amakhulu. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziningi zemali yamazwe ziyi mali ye-fiat: imali ekhishwa ngaphansi kwegunya likahulumeni, ngokuvamile ngebhange elikhulu, engeke ishintshwe ukuze kutholakale inani elimisiwe legolide noma lanoma iyiphi enye impahla. Igama elithi fiat liyisiLatini elisho ukuthi "makwenziwe", okuvame ukuqondwa njengokuthi "ngomyalelo".

Imali ye-fiat isebenza ngoba abantu, amabhizinisi, amabhange nohulumeni bayayamukela. Ngokuvamile imithetho iyenza ibe yimali eyamukelwa ngokomthetho ekukhokheleni izikweletu futhi ifune ukuba kusetshenziswe yona ekukhokheni izintela, futhi abantu bayayifuna ngoba wonke umuntu obazungezile uyayisebenzisa.

Sasuka emalini esekelwa okuthile, saya emalini esekelwa ukwethemba othile.

Lapho abantu bezwa igama elithi ukwehla kwamandla emali, ngokuvamile bacabanga ngokukhuphuka kwamanani.

Ukukhuphuka kwamanani kuwukwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lamanani lilonke. Olunye uhlangothi lwakho amandla okuthenga: ukuthi iyunithi lemali lingathenga okungakanani. Uma intengo kabhasikidi wezimpahla eziyisisekelo ikhuphuka isuka kumayunithi emali angu-100 iya kwangu-110, lawo mayunithi angu-100 awasakwazi ukuthenga wonke ubhasikidi.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali kunezimbangela eziningana, futhi izazi zezomnotho ziyaphikisana ngokuthi ngayinye inomthelela ongakanani: ukwanda kwemali nezikweletu, ukuphazamiseka kokutholakala kwezimpahla, izinguquko esidingweni sezimpahla nezinsizakalo, ukuba buthaka kohlobo lwemali, izintela, nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Enye imbangela idinga ukunakwa ngoba iwukukhetha, hhayi into ezenzakalelayo: ohlelweni lwemali ye-fiat, izikhungo ezimbalwa zingandisa inani lemali nezikweletu futhi ziguqule imithetho yalolu hlelo.

Cabangani ngokuthi yini eyenza into ibe yigugu.

Umdwebo wokuqala we-Mona Lisa ubaluleke ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi ikhophi yawo, hhayi ngoba ubukeka kangcono, kodwa ngoba yiwo wodwa ongowokuqala. Ukuntuleka kwento kukodwa akuyenzi ibe yigugu, kodwa lapho abantu befuna into, inani layo elitholakalayo libalulekile.

Lapho inani lemali likhula ngokushesha kunokwanda kwezinto engazithenga, iyunithi ngalinye livame ukuthenga okuncane.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali akubathinti bonke abantu ngokulinganayo. Umuntu ogcina ingxenye enkulu yemali yakhe iwukheshi noma iyimali eyongiwe angase alahlekelwe amandla okuthenga. Umuntu onezimpahla ezikhuphuka ngentengo angase avikeleke ngokwengxenye. Amaholo namanani nawo aguquka ngesivinini esihlukene.

Imali eku-akhawunti yenu yasebhange nayo ihlukile kukheshi eniwuphethe. Ibhange aliyigcini yonke imali efakiwe iwukheshi: iningi layo liyalibolekisa futhi liyitshale. Ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yasebhange iyisithembiso sebhange sokunikhokhela. Leso sithembiso sivame ukufezeka, kodwa kuncike ebhange nasemithethweni elilawulayo.

Zamani lokhu: ukuhlola amandla okuthenga

Khethani into eyodwa evamile emphakathini wakini, njengesinkwa, ezokuthutha, noma i-airtime yocingo. Bhalani phansi intengo yayo yanamuhla. Buzani othile ukuthi yayibiza malini eminyakeni ethile edlule, bese nihlola irekhodi elithembekile uma nikwazi. Ingabe imali abantu abayitholayo yenyuka ngezinga elifanayo? Yini enye engachaza lolu shintsho?

Akukho kulokhu okusho ukuthi imali ye-fiat ayisebenzi. Yenza ukukhokha kube lula, ivumela ukuguquguquka ekunikezeni izikweletu, futhi inikeza amathuluzi okubhekana nezimo ezibucayi. Kodwa lokho kuguquguquka kudala ubungozi: inani layo nemithetho yayo kungashintsha, kanti abantu abayisebenzisayo banezwi elincane kulezo zinqumo.

Yingakho abantu befuna ezinye izindlela, futhi yingakho kwasungulwa i-Bitcoin.

Ngaphambi kwe-Bitcoin, ukuthumela imali nge-inthanethi kwakuhlale kuncike enhlanganweni ethenjwayo: ibhange noma inkampani yezinkokhelo eyayigcina incwadi yamarekhodi, igunyaze ama-akhawunti, futhi ikwazi ukubambezela, ukuvimba noma ukuhlehlisa inkokhelo. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka ososayensi bamakhompyutha bezama ukwakha imali yedijithali engenamkhiphi oyisikhungo esisodwa. Ingxenye eyayinzima kwakuwukuthi ukwaziswa kwedijithali kulula ukukukopisha. Uma uhlamvu lwemali lwedijithali lwalungakopishwa futhi lusetshenziswe kabili, lwalungeke lusebenze njengemali. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inkinga yokusebenzisa imali efanayo kabili.

Ngomhla ka-31 kuMfumfu 2008, umuntu noma iqembu elalisebenzisa igama elithi Satoshi Nakamoto lashicilela iphepha elalichaza isixazululo: Bitcoin: Uhlelo Lwemali Ye-elekthronikhi Oluxhumanisa Abantu Ngokuqondile. Inethiwekhi yaqala ngoMasingana 2009.

I-Bitcoin yimali yedijithali engalawulwa yisikhungo esisodwa, etholakala ngenani elilinganiselwe, futhi engathunyelwa ngokuqondile isuka kumuntu iye komunye ngaphandle kwemvume yebhange.

Ukuthi i-Bitcoin ayilawulwa yisikhungo esisodwa kusho ukuthi alikho ihhovisi eliyinhloko elingavula ama-akhawunti, lishintshe izilinganiso zemali ezisele, noma ligunyaze ukuthi ubani ojoyinayo. Noma ubani angadawuniloda futhi ahlole isofthiwe enekhodi yomthombo evulelekile, futhi amakhompyutha amaningi azimele agcina ikhophi yerekhodi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu unethonya elilinganayo. Kusho ukuthi akekho umhlanganyeli oyedwa ongashintshela wonke umuntu incwadi yamarekhodi noma imithetho yemali.

Ukutholakala ngenani elilinganiselwe kusho ukuthi akusoze kwaba nama-bitcoin angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21. Ama-bitcoin amasha akhishwa ngokwesimiso sesikhathi esaziwa umphakathi, futhi amakhompyutha azimele abizwa ngokuthi ama-node enqaba noma yiliphi ibhulokhi elephula lowo mthetho. Lo mkhawulo uyakholakala ngoba noma ubani angawuhlola. Nokho, awuwona umthetho wemvelo: uyaqhubeka usebenza ngoba abahlanganyeli bayaqhubeka bewuphoqelela. Futhi inani elilinganiselwe aliqinisekisi ukuthi intengo izokhuphuka. Intengo incike esidingweni kanye nasenanini elitholakalayo.

Ukuthi i-Bitcoin isebenza ngokuqondile isuka kumuntu iye komunye kusho ukuthi ningathumela i-bitcoin kunoma ubani, noma kuphi, ngaphandle kokuvula i-akhawunti kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin noma ukucela imvume esikhungweni esiyinhloko. Ayikho inkampani engavimba ukusetshenziswa kwe-bitcoin enizilawulela yona. Olunye uhlangothi lwaleyo nkululeko luwukuzibophezela: ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuhlehlisa ukuthengiselana okuvumelekile, futhi alikho ideski losizo lenethiwekhi.

Omunye umbono oyiphutha uthi i-Bitcoin ayifinyeleleki ngoba i-bitcoin eyodwa iyabiza. Akudingeki nithenge noma nisebenzise i-bitcoin ephelele. I-bitcoin eyodwa ihlukaniseka ibe amayunithi amancane angu-100 000 000 abizwa ngokuthi ama-satoshi, noma ama-sat. Ukuba nama-sat angu-100 000 nokuba ne-bitcoin engu-0,001 kuchaza inani elifanayo.

Inethiwekhi incike kubahlanganyeli abahlukene: abasebenzisi abathumela, abamukela futhi abagcina i-bitcoin; ama-node ahlola konke ukuthengiselana nawo wonke amabhulokhi ukuthi kuhambisana yini nemithetho; kanye nabavukuzi abancintisana ngokwengeza ibhulokhi elisha erekhodini cishe njalo ngemizuzu eyishumi. Lelo rekhodi, i-blockchain, livulelekile emphakathini futhi libonakala kunoma ubani, futhi kubiza kakhulu ukulibhala kabusha.

Okuphathelene nokubhala: Bitcoin ebhalwa ngo-B omkhulu ngokuvamile isho inethiwekhi noma uhlelo. bitcoin ebhalwa ngo-b omncane isho imali uqobo.

I-Bitcoin nayo inezinzuzo ezihambisana nokulahlekelwa okuthile. Intengo yayo ingashintsha ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile amaphutha awalungiseki. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kusalinganiselwe ezindaweni eziningi, futhi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuphepha kudinga ukufunda okuthile. I-Bitcoin ithatha indawo yokunye ukwethemba izikhungo ngokuqinisekisa nangokuzibophezela komuntu siqu. Ayibuqedi ubungozi.

Le walethi ye-Bitcoin iyithuluzi, ngokuvamile eliwuhlelo lokusebenza, elinivumela ukuba namukele, nihlole futhi nithumele i-bitcoin. I-bitcoin yenu ayigcinwa ngaphakathi ocingweni lwenu: ibhalwa ku-blockchain. Iwalethi ilawula okhiye abanivumela ukuba nifakazele ukuthi ingeyenu futhi nigunyaze inkokhelo.

Ngakho umbuzo wokuqala nganoma iyiphi iwalethi uthi: ngubani olawula okhiye?

Ngubani ngempela ophethe i-bitcoin yenu?

Uma nisebenzisa iwalethi enizinakekela yona, yinina enilawula okhiye.

Lapho niyisetha, inibonisa ibinzana lembewu (elibizwa nangokuthi ibinzana lokubuyisela): uhlu lwamagama ahlelwe ngokulandelana, ngokuvamile angu-12 noma angu-24. Lingaphinda lidale okhiye benu kwenye idivayisi. Noma ubani onalo angathatha i-bitcoin yenu. Ibinzana lembewu aligcini nje ngokuba ikhophi eyisipele: linikeza ukufinyelela okuphelele.

Livikeleni:

• libhaleni ngokunembile ephepheni lapho nakha iwalethi;
• ligcineni lingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, liyimfihlo, futhi lisendaweni lapho lingeke lilahleke noma lonakale khona;
• ningalokothi nilithwebule isithombe, nilithumele nge-imeyili, niligcine kumanothi agcinwe efwini, noma nilithumele ngomlayezo;
• ningalokothi nilibhale kuwebhusayithi.

Uma nilahlekelwa yibinzana lembewu kanye nedivayisi yenu, akekho onganibuyisela i-bitcoin yenu.

Uma nisebenzisa iwalethi eninakekelwa yona, inkampani inigcinela okhiye, kucishe kufane nebhange. Ibhalansi yenu iyisithembiso senkampani sokunikhokhela. Indlela yokuyisetha ijwayelekile futhi usizo lungase lutholakale, kodwa nincike kuleyo nkampani: ingakhawulela ukukhipha imali, imise ukusebenza kwe-akhawunti, ihlaselwe ngabaduni, noma ivalwe.

Isisho esiwusizo emhlabeni we-Bitcoin sithi: uma okhiye bengebona abenu, izinhlamvu zemali nazo akuzona ezenu. Ukukhetha ukuthi ngubani ozonigcinela okhiye akusona isivivinyo sokubaluleka kwenu. Okubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo enilusebenzisayo nokuthi yini eniyethembayo.

I-My First Bitcoin ayincomi amawalethi athile. Amathuluzi, izimali ezikhokhiswayo nabanikazi kuyashintsha, futhi okulungele umphakathi othile kungase kungawufaneli omunye. Buzani uthisha omethembayo ukuthi abantu basebenzisa ini endaweni yakini, bese nizihlolela la maphuzu ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi iwalethi:

• Okhiye: ngubani olawula okhiye, yinina noma yinkampani?
• Ukubuyisela: kwenzekani uma ucingo lwenu lulahleka noma inkampani inyamalala?
• Umthombo: niyilande kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni noma ekhasini layo esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza, hhayi ngesixhumanisi enisithunyelelwe othile?
• Ikhodi: ingabe ikhodi yayo ivulekele umphakathi futhi inakekelwa ngokuqhubekayo? (Ukuthi ikhodi ivulekele umphakathi kukodwa akufakazeli ukuthi ithuluzi liphephile.)
• Izindleko: yiziphi izimali ezikhokhiswayo lapho nithumela, namukela noma nikhipha imali?
• Izinkokhelo: ingabe iyazisekela izinkokhelo enizidingayo, ezenziwa ku-blockchain noma nge-Lightning?

I-Bitcoin inezindlela ezimbili ezivamile zokukhokha. Ku-blockchain izinkokhelo ziqoshwa ngokuqondile ku-blockchain. I-Lightning iyinethiwekhi yokukhokha eyakhelwe phezu kwe-Bitcoin ukuze kwenziwe izinkokhelo ezisheshayo, ezincane nezivamile, njengokuthenga ikhofi. Isikhwama se-Lightning naso singaphathwa omunye umuntu noma siziphathwe yinina.

Imithetho emithathu izonigcina niphephile ngenkathi nifunda:

1. Fundani kuqala. Ningenzi lutho ngenxa yenjabulo, ukwesaba noma ingcindezi.
2. Qalani ngokuncane. Zama amathuluzi eningawajwayele ngenani eningakwazi ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa yilo.
3. Ningathembi Nje, Qinisekisani. Hlolani umuntu, indlela yokukhokha, ikheli nenani ngaphambi kokuba nivume inkokhelo.

Yabelanani ngemininingwane yokwamukela izinkokhelo, ningalokothi nabelane ngezimfihlo. Ikheli noma isicelo senkokhelo kungabiwa nabanye. Ibinzana lokubuyisela noma ukhiye oyimfihlo akumele neze kwabelwane ngakho. Akekho uthisha osemthethweni, inkampani yezikhwama noma umsebenzi wokweseka oyoke akucele lokho.

Yimani uma othile enenza nizwe sengathi kufanele niphuthume noma nigcine imfihlo, ethembisa inzuzo eqinisekisiwe, enicela ukuba nithumele i-bitcoin kuqala, noma ecela ibinzana lenu lokubuyisela. Phumani kancane kulokho. Ningabelani ngalutho. Ningathumeli lutho. Bese niqinisekisa ngomthombo eseniwazi kakade.

Imali incike emithethweni nasekwethembaneni

Imali ye-fiat yenza ukukhokha kube lula, kodwa inani layo elitholakalayo nemithetho yayo kunqunywa yizikhungo ezimbalwa, futhi amandla ayo okuthenga angehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Bitcoin inikeza imithetho ehlukile

Kusukela ngo-2009, i-Bitcoin inikeze imali enenani elitholakalayo elisobala nelinomkhawulo, evulekele wonke umuntu, engaqinisekiswa kunokumane yethenjwe. Iphinde ibe nezinselele: ukuguquguquka kwentengo, amaphutha angenakulungiseka, nokuzibophezela komuntu siqu.

Ukuphepha kuza kuqala

Fundani kuqala, qalani ngokuncane, futhi niqinisekise konke. Ningalokothi nabelane ngamagama enu okubuyisela isikhwama. Akudingeki nenze konke ngesikhathi esisodwa: isinyathelo esisodwa esilandelayo esiphephile sanele.

Lokhu kuseyisiqalo nje

Buyelani emibuzweni emihlanu esekuqaleni. Ningaphendula nithini manje?

Le diploma ye-Bitcoin iyisinyathelo esilandelayo. Amamojuli ayo amane aniqhubekisela phambili, kusukela ekuqondeni imali, kuye endleleni i-Bitcoin esebenza ngayo, ekusebenziseni i-Bitcoin ngokuphepha, nase-Bitcoin emphakathini wenu. Hlalani nilangazelela ukwazi, qhubekani nibuza imibuzo, futhi nifunde kabanzi ku- myfirstbitcoin.org.