Abantu benshi ntibigera bafata akanya ko kuzirikana ku mahera.

Si ukuyaronka canke kuyakoresha, ahubwo ni ukuzirikana vy'ukuri ico ari co n'ingene akora.

Dukoresha amahera buri musi, yamara ni gake twibaza ingene akora.

Imbere yo kubandanya gusoma, nimufate akanya mwiyumvire kuri ibi bibazo bitanu. Nimwandike inyishu ngufi kuri kimwekimwe cose nimwabishobora:

1. Kubera iki abantu bakeneye amahera?
2. Ni igiki gituma ikintu kiba amahera?
3. Ni nde ashobora kurema canke kugenzura amahera mukoresha?
4. Kubera iki amahera mukoresha afise agaciro?
5. Amahera yanyu yoba agura ibintu bingana uno musi n'ivyo yagura kera?

Nimubike inyishu zanyu. Muzisubireko muhejeje gusoma. Aka gatabu karashobora gukomeza ivyiyumviro bimwebimwe mufise, kagahindura ibindi.

Uko musoma, nimwitwararike itandukaniro riri hagati y'ikintu c'ukuri n'iciyumviro. "Iyi noti iremewe mu kuriha amakori" ni ikintu c'ukuri gishobora kugenzurwa. "Ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'amahera bwiza kuruta ubundi bwose" ni iciyumviro gisozera gikeneye ivyo cisunga n'ibimenyamenya.

Aka gatabu gashingiye ku bibazo bitandatu: igituma amahera ahambaye, ico ari co, ingorane ashobora kugira, ico Bitcoin ari co, ingene mwoyikoresha mutekanye, n'ibikurikira.

Kagenewe kwigisha gusa. Ntigatanga impanuro zijanye n'amahera, gushora imitahe, amategeko canke amakori, kandi ntikababwira kugura, kugurisha canke kugumana ikintu na kimwe.

Amahera ni igikoresho co guhanahana.

Nta muntu yipfuza amahera kubera yo ubwayo. Tuyipfuza kubera ivyo ashobora kugura. Inoti ni urupapuro gusa. Igituma iba ngirakamaro ni uko abandi bantu bazoyemera mu kuyiguza ibintu twipfuza vy'ukuri, kuko biteze ko n'abandi bazoyemera mu nyuma.

Ivyo ni vyo bitandukanya amahera no kugurana ibintu ku bindi.

Mu buryo bwo kugurana ibintu ku bindi, uguhanahana gushoboka gusa igihe abantu bompi bipfuza ivyo uwundi afise, ku mwanya umwe kandi ku rugero rubereye. Abahinga mu vy'ubutunzi ivyo bavyita uguhura kw'ivyipfuzo vya bompi. Nimba murima umuceri kandi mukeneye ibirato, uwukora ibirato ashobora kuba yipfuza amavuta yo guteka, atari umuceri. Amahera atorera umuti iyo ngorane mu gutandukanya ukudandaza no kugura: mudandariza umuceri wanyu umuntu umwe, mukagura ibirato ku wundi.

Amahera asanzwe arangura ibikorwa bitatu.

Ni uburyo bwo guhanahana: abantu barayemera mu kwishurwa. Ni igipimo co guharura agaciro: ibiciro bigaragazwa hakoreshejwe amahera, bigatuma dushobora kugereranya agaciro k'ibintu bitandukanye. Kandi ni uburyo bwo kubika agaciro: abika agaciro k'uyu musi kugira kazokoreshwe muri kazoza. Nta mahera abika agaciro ata gahaze, ariko ubwoko bumwebumwe bw'amahera butakaza ubushobozi bwo kugura buhorobuhoro kurusha ubundi.

Kuva kera, ibintu vyinshi vyarakoreshejwe nk'amahera: ibishishwa vy'ibikoko vyo mu mazi, umunyu, amasaro, ibitungwa, umujumpu, ifeza n'inzahabu. Ivyuma vy'agaciro vyaratanguye gukoreshwa cane kubera vyari imbonekarimwe, bikaramba kandi bikemerwa na benshi. Ariko gutwara no gukingira ivyuma biragoye, ni co gituma amabanki yatanguye gutanga impapuro zemeza uburenganzira bwo kuronka urugero rw'icuma rwanditse kuri zo. Mu buryo butandukanye bwa gahunda yo gushingira agaciro k'amahera ku nzahabu, igice kimwe c'ifaranga cari gifatanijwe n'urugero rw'inzahabu hakurikijwe amategeko. Amategeko yarahinduka bivanye n'ahantu n'igihe.

Uko igihe cagenda kirarengana, amahera yarushirije gushingira ku nzego no ku mihango aho gushingira ku vyuma. Mu 1971, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zarahagaritse ku mugaragaro uguhindurira amadolari mu nzahabu kw'amaleta y'amahanga n'amabanki nkuru. Uyu musi, amahera y'ibihugu vyinshi ni amahera ashingiye kw'itegeko rya Leta: amahera asohorwa ku bubasha bwa Leta, akenshi biciye mw'ibanki nkuru, adashobora guhindurirwa ku rugero rwashinzwe rw'inzahabu canke rw'ikindi kidandazwa ico ari co cose. Ijambo fiat ni iry'ikilatini risobanura "nibikoreke", rikaba akenshi ritahurwa nk'irisobanura "kw'itegeko".

Amahera ashingiye kw'itegeko rya Leta arakora kubera abantu, amashirahamwe y'ubudandaji, amabanki n'amaleta bayemera. Amategeko akenshi atuma aba amahera yemewe yo kwishura kandi agasaba ko akoreshwa mu kuriha amakori; abantu na bo bakayipfuza kubera abo babana bose bayakoresha.

Twavuye ku mahera ashingiye ku kintu, tuja ku mahera ashingiye ku kwizigira umuntu.

Iyo abantu bumvise ijambo ukuduga kw'ibiciro, akenshi baca biyumvira ibiciro biriko biriyongera.

Ukuduga kw'ibiciro ni iyongerekana ribandanya ry'urugero rusangi rw'ibiciro. Urundi ruhande rwavyo ni ubushobozi bwo kugura: ivyo ifaranga rimwe rishobora kugura. Iyo igiciro c'igiseke c'ibintu vya nkenerwa kiduze kiva ku mafaranga 100 kikaja ku 110, ya mafaranga 100 ntaba agishobora kugura ibiri muri ico giseke vyose.

Ukuduga kw'ibiciro gufise imvo nyinshi, kandi abahinga mu vy'ubutunzi baraharira ku rugero imvo imweimwe yose ibigirako uruhara: iyongerekana ry'amafaranga n'inguzanyo, intambamyi mu gutanga ibidandazwa, ihinduka ry'ivyo abaguzi bakeneye, ugutakaza agaciro kw'ifaranga, amakori, n'ikiguzi co gukora ibidandazwa. Hari imvo imwe ikwiye kwitwararikwa kuko iva ku ngingo ifashwe, atari ku kintu gipfuye kwizana: mu buryo bw'amafaranga ya fiat, inzego nke zirashobora kwongera amafaranga n'inguzanyo biriho no guhindura amategeko abigenga.

Nimwiyumvire igituma ikintu kigira agaciro.

Igicapo c'umwimerere ca Mona Lisa gifise agaciro karuta ak'ikopi yaco iyo ari yo yose, atari kubera ko gisa neza kuruta, ahubwo kubera ko ari co conyene kiriho. Ubukene bw'ikintu bwonyene ntibutuma kigira agaciro, ariko iyo abantu bagishaka, ubwinshi bwaco buragira ico buvuze.

Iyo amafaranga ariho yiyongera ningoga kuruta ivyo ashobora kugura, ifaranga rimwe ryose rikunda kugura ibintu bike kuruta.

Ukuduga kw'ibiciro ntikugira ingaruka zimwe ku bantu bose. Umuntu atunze ahanini amafaranga mu ntoke canke ayo yaziganije arashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugura. Umuntu afise amatungo ibiciro vyayo biduga arashobora gukingirwa ku rugero runaka. Imishahara n'ibiciro na vyo nyene ntibihinduka ku muvuduko umwe.

Amafaranga ari kuri konti yanyu yo mw'ibanki na yo nyene aratandukanye n'amafaranga mufise mu ntoke. Ibanki ntibika amafaranga yose abitswemwo nk'amafaranga ari mu ntoke: igice kinini cayo irakigurana ikongera ikagishira mu bikorwa vy'ishoramari. Amafaranga ari kuri konti yanyu ni umuhango ibanki ibaha wo kuzoyabariha. Uwo muhango akenshi urashitswa, ariko bivana n'ibanki hamwe n'amategeko ayigenga.

Nimugerageze: isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kugura

Nimuhitemwo ikintu kimwe gisanzwe kigurwa aho mubaye, nk'umukate, ukwiyunguruza, canke ama inite ya telefone. Nimwandike igiciro caco c'uyu musi. Nimubaze umuntu igiciro cari gifise mu myaka iheze, hanyuma musuzume inyandiko yizigirwa nimba mubishoboye. Mbega amahera abantu binjiza yiyongereye ku rugero rumwe n'ico giciro? Ni ikindi kintu ikihe cosigura iryo hinduka?

Ivyo vyose ntibisobanura ko amafaranga ya fiat adakora. Atuma kwishura vyoroha, inguzanyo zigashobora guhuzwa n'ibikenewe, kandi agatanga uburyo bwo gutorera umuti ibihe vy'ingorane. Ariko ubwo bushobozi bwo guhinduka ni na bwo butera ingorane: ubwinshi bwayo n'amategeko ayagenga birashobora guhinduka, kandi abayakoresha nta jambo rinini babifisemwo.

Ni co gituma abantu barondera ubundi buryo, kandi ni co catumye Bitcoin ihingurwa.

Imbere y'uko Bitcoin ibaho, kurungika amafaranga kuri internet vyama bisaba kwisunga ishirahamwe ryizigiwe: ibanki canke ishirahamwe ryo kwishurana ryabika igitabu c'ivyanditswe vy'amafaranga, ryemeza amakonti, kandi ryashobora gutebesha, guhagarika canke gusubiza inyuma ukwishura. Mu myaka mirongo, abahinga mu vya mudasobwa baragerageje kurema amafaranga yo mu buhinga bwa none ata rwego rumwe ruyasohora. Ingorane yari uko amakuru yo mu buhinga bwa none yoroshe gukoporora. Iyo igiceri co mu buhinga bwa none gishobora gukopororwa kigakoreshwa kabiri, nticoshobora gukora nk'amafaranga. Ivyo vyitwa ingorane yo gukoresha amafaranga amwe kabiri.

Ku wa 31 Gitugutu 2008, umuntu canke umugwi wakoresha izina Satoshi Nakamoto warasohoye inyandiko yasigura umuti w'iyo ngorane: Bitcoin: Uburyo bw'amafaranga yo mu buhinga bwa none akoreshwa hagati y'abantu ata muhuza. Uwo muhora watanguye gukora muri Nzero 2009.

Bitcoin ni amafaranga yo mu buhinga bwa none atagengwa n'urwego rumwe, afise igitigiri ntarengwa, kandi ashobora kurungikwa umuntu ku wundi ata muhuza ata ruhusha rw'ibanki.

Kuba atagengwa n'urwego rumwe bisigura ko ata biro bikuru bishobora kwugurura amakonti, guhindura amafaranga ari kuri yo, canke kwemeza uwemerewe kwinjira. Uwo ari we wese arashobora kuvoma no gusuzuma porogarama ifise kode yuguruye, kandi mudasobwa nyinshi zigenga zirabika ikopi y'ivyanditswe. Ivyo ntibisigura ko bose bafise ububasha bungana. Bisigura ko ata muntu umwe mu bayikoresha ashobora guhindura igitabu c'ivyanditswe vy'amafaranga canke amategeko agenga amafaranga kuri bose.

Kugira igitigiri ntarengwa bisigura ko hatazokwigera habaho bitcoin zirenga imiliyoni 21. Bitcoin nshasha zisohorwa hakurikijwe ingengabihe izwi na bose, kandi mudasobwa zigenga zitwa amapfundo y'umuhora ziranka ikigwi cose kirenga kuri iryo tegeko. Urwo rugero ntarengwa rurizigiwe kuko uwo ari we wese ashobora kurugenzura. Ariko si itegeko ry'ibidukikije: rugumaho kubera ko abari muri uwo muhora babandanya kurwubahiriza. Kandi igitigiri ntarengwa nticemeza ko igiciro kizoduga. Igiciro kivana n'igitigiri c'abashaka kugura hamwe n'igitigiri c'ibiriho.

Gukorana umuntu ku wundi ata muhuza bisigura ko mushobora kurungikira bitcoin uwo ari we wese, aho ari ho hose, mutarinze kwugurura ikonti ku muhora wa Bitcoin canke gusaba uruhusha urwego rukuru. Nta shirahamwe rishobora guhagarika ikoreshwa rya bitcoin mwigenzurira ubwanyu. Ariko uwo mwidegemvyo ujana n'ibanga ryo kwitwararika ivyo mukora: irungikwa ry'amafaranga ryemewe akenshi ntirishobora gusubizwa inyuma, kandi uwo muhora nta biro bifasha abawukoresha ufise.

Kimwe mu vyiyumviro bitari vyo ni uko Bitcoin idashobora gushikirwa na bose kubera ko bitcoin imwe izimvye. Ntimukeneye kugura canke gukoresha bitcoin imwe yose. Bitcoin imwe igaburwamwo udufaranga dutoduto 100 000 000 twitwa satoshis, canke sats. Gutunga sats 100 000 no gutunga bitcoin 0,001 bisigura igitigiri kimwe c'amafaranga.

Uwo muhora wisunga abawugiramwo uruhara batandukanye: abawukoresha barungika, bakakira kandi bakabika bitcoin; amapfundo y'umuhora asuzuma ko irungikwa ryose ry'amafaranga n'ikigwi cose vyubahiriza amategeko; hamwe n'abacukuzi bahiganwa mu kwongera ikigwi gishasha ku vyanditswe hafi buri minota cumi. Ivyo vyanditswe, ari vyo urunani rw'ibigwi, biri ku mugaragaro kandi birashobora kubonwa n'uwo ari we wese, kandi kubisubira kwandika bisaba uburyo bwinshi cane.

Icitonderwa ku nyandiko: Bitcoin yanditswe na B nkuru akenshi isobanura umuhora canke uburyo bukora. bitcoin yanditswe na b ntoyi isobanura amafaranga ubwayo.

Bitcoin na yo ifise ivyiza n'ibibi bijana. Igiciro cayo kirashobora guhinduka ningoga. Amakosa akenshi ntashobora gukosorwa. Ahantu henshi iracemerwa n'abantu bake gusa, kandi kuyikoresha ata nkomanzi bisaba kwiga bimwe. Bitcoin isubiriza igice c'ukwizigira inzego n'ukugenzura hamwe n'ukwiyitwararika kw'umuntu ku giti ciwe. Ntikuraho ingorane zo guhomba.

Iyo kofi ya Bitcoin ni igikoresho, akenshi kikaba ari porogarama, kibafasha kwakira, kugenzura no kurungika bitcoin. Bitcoin zanyu ntizibikwa muri telefone yanyu: zandikwa kuri blockchain. Ikofi icungera impfunguruzo zibafasha kwemeza ko ari izanyu no gutanga uruhusha rwo kuriha.

Ku bw’ivyo, ikibazo ca mbere ku bijanye n’ikofi iyo ari yo yose ni iki: ni nde agenzura impfunguruzo?

Ni nde mu vy’ukuri abitse bitcoin zanyu?

Mukoresheje ikofi mwicungera, ni mwebwe mugenzura impfunguruzo.

Igihe muyitunganya, irabereka amajambo y’urufatiro (yitwa kandi amajambo yo gusubirana ikofi): urutonde rw’amajambo akurikirana ku rutonde rwashinzwe, akenshi akaba ari 12 canke 24. Arashobora gusubira kurema impfunguruzo zanyu ku kindi gikoresho. Umuntu wese ayafise arashobora gutwara bitcoin zanyu. Amajambo y’urufatiro si ayo gufasha gusubirana ikofi gusa: atanga uburenganzira bwose bwo kuyikoresha.

Muyakingire:

• muyandike neza ku rupapuro igihe murema ikofi;
• muyabike ahatari kuri interineti, mw’ibanga, kandi ahantu atazotakara canke ngo yononekare;
• ntimukigere muyafotora, muyarungika kuri imeyili, muyabika mu vyanditswe bibikwa kuri interineti, canke muyarungika mu butumwa;
• ntimukigere muyandika ku rubuga rwa interineti.

Mutakaje amajambo yanyu y’urufatiro n’igikoresho canyu, nta n’umwe ashobora kubasubiza bitcoin zanyu.

Mukoresheje ikofi icungerwa n’ishirahamwe, ishirahamwe rirababitse impfunguruzo, nk’uko ibanki ibigenza. Amahera aboneka kuri konti yanyu ni umuhango iryo shirahamwe ribaha wo kuzobariha. Kuyitunganya bikorwa mu buryo mumenyereye kandi mushobora kuronka imfashanyo, ariko muba mwishimikije iryo shirahamwe: rirashobora kugabanya amahera mushobora kubikuza, guhagarika ikoreshwa rya konti, kwinjirirwa n’abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti, canke kwugara.

Hari imvugo ngirakamaro mu bakoresha Bitcoin: impfunguruzo zitari izanyu, ibiceri na vyo si ivyanyu. Guhitamwo uwubabikira si ikigeragezo c’agaciro kanyu. Igihambaye ni ukumenya ubwoko bw’ikofi mukoresha n’ico mwizigiye.

My First Bitcoin ntihimiriza gukoresha amakofi amwamwe yihariye. Ibikoresho, amafaranga y’ivyo bikorwa n’abavyegukira birahinduka, kandi ibibereye umugwi umwe w’abantu bishobora kutabera uwundi. Mubaze umwigisha mwizigiye ivyo abantu bakoresha aho muba, kandi mwigenzurire ibi bintu imbere yo gukoresha ikofi iyo ari yo yose:

• Impfunguruzo: ni nde agenzura impfunguruzo, ni mwebwe canke ni ishirahamwe?
• Gusubirana ikofi: bigenda gute iyo telefone yanyu itakaye canke ishirahamwe ritakiriho?
• Aho iva: mwayikuye ku rubuga rwemewe canke ku rupapuro rwayo rwo mw’iduka rya porogarama, atari ku muhora umuntu yabarungikiye?
• Kode: kode yayo iruguruye kuri bose kandi yoba yama yitwararikwa ikongera igatunganywa? (Kuba kode yuguruye kuri bose vyonyene ntivyemeza ko igikoresho gitekanye.)
• Amafaranga asabwa: ni amafaranga ayahe asabwa mu kurungika, mu kwakira canke mu kubikuza?
• Ukwishura: yoba ishigikira uburyo bwo kwishura mukeneye, kuri blockchain canke kuri Lightning?

Bitcoin ifise uburyo bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa mu kwishura. Kuri blockchain, ukwishura kwandikwa muri blockchain nyene. Lightning ni umuhora wo kwishura wubakiye kuri Bitcoin, utuma abantu bishura ningoga amahera makeyi kandi kenshi, nko mu kugura ikawa. Ikotomoni ya Lightning na yo nyene irashobora kuba icungiwe n'uwundi muntu canke iyo mwicungira.

Amategeko atatu azobakingira mu gihe mwiga:

1. Mubanze mwige. Ntimugire ico mukoze kubera akanyamuneza karenze, ubwoba canke uguhatirwa.
2. Mutangure n'amahera makeyi. Mugerageze ibikoresho mutamenyereye mukoresheje amahera mushobora kwemera guhomba.
3. Ntimupfe kwizera, musuzume. Musuzume uwo muntu, uburyo bwo kwishura, aderesi n'igitigiri c'amahera imbere yo kwemeza ukwishura.

Mutange amakuru yo kwakira amahera, ntimwigere mutanga amabanga. Aderesi canke ubusabe bwo kwishurwa birashobora gutangwa. Amajambo yo kugarura ikotomoni canke urufunguzo rw'ibanga ntibikwiye kwigera bitangwa. Nta mwigisha, ishirahamwe ry'amakotomoni canke umukozi ajejwe gufasha abakoresha akora mu buryo bwemewe azokwigera abibasaba.

Muhagarike nimba hari uwubihutisha canke abasaba kugira ibanga, abasezeranira inyungu ata kabuza, abasaba kubanza kurungika bitcoin, canke abasaba amajambo yo kugarura ikotomoni yanyu. Mubanze muhagarare. Ntimutange na kimwe. Ntimurungike na kimwe. Muheze musuzume mwifashishije isoko ry'amakuru musanzwe muzi.

Amahera ashingiye ku mategeko no ku kwizigirana

Amahera ya fiat arorosha kwishura, ariko igitigiri cayo n'amategeko ayagenga bishingwa n'inzego nkeyi, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugura burashobora kugabanuka uko igihe kirengana.

Bitcoin itanga amategeko atandukanye

Kuva mu 2009, Bitcoin itanga amahera afise igitigiri kizwi na bose kandi gifise aho kigarukira, ashobora gukoreshwa n'uwo ari we wese, kandi ashobora kugenzurwa aho gupfa kwizigirwa gusa. Ariko kandi, izana ingorane zimwezimwe: ihindagurika ry'igiciro, amakosa adashobora gukosorwa, n'ukwiyitwararika ku giti canyu.

Umutekano uza imbere

Nimubanze mwige, mutangure n'ibike, kandi mugenzure vyose. Ntimukigere musangiza abandi amajambo yo kugarukana ikotomoni yanyu. Si ngombwa ko mukora vyose icarimwe: intambwe imwe ikurikira itekanye irahagije.

Iyi ni intango gusa

Nimusubire kuri vya bibazo bitanu vyo mu ntango. Ubu mwokwishura iki?

Iyo Impamyabumenyi ya Bitcoin ni yo ntambwe ikurikira. Ibice vyayo bine vy'inyigisho birabafasha gutera imbere, kuva ku gutahura amahera, gushika ku kuntu Bitcoin ikora, ku gukoresha Bitcoin mu mutekano, no kuri Bitcoin mu kibano canyu. Nimugumane inyota yo kumenya, mubandanye kubaza ibibazo, kandi mwige vyinshi kuri myfirstbitcoin.org.